Smart Metering Systems for Municipal Water Supply, Role of IoT and Artificial Intelligence

1. IoT in Smart Water Metering: The Foundation of Real-Time, Connected Infrastructure

1.1 IoT Sensors and Smart Meters

Smart water meters embedded with IoT sensors continuously measure:

Flow rate,

Pressure,

Temperature,

Sometimes water quality parameters.

These meters are equipped with communication modules (e.g., NB-IoT, LoRaWAN) to send data in near real-time.

IoT devices allow remote meter reading eliminating manual site visits and human error.

1.2 Communication Networks

IoT networks connect thousands to millions of meters across a city.

Various communication technologies (low-power wide area networks like LoRaWAN, cellular NB-IoT, or mesh networks) enable:

Scalable coverage in urban, suburban, and rural areas,

Low latency data transfer,

Energy-efficient operation prolonging battery life.

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